Load Multiplier
Structural calculations of packaging performance during transit use a numerical multiplier to adjust the theoretical laboratory compression strength of a box to real-world warehouse conditions. This ratio is the pallet safety factor, which ensures that a stacked pallet will not collapse under dynamic and environmental stress. It typically ranges from three to five depending on the distribution environment.
Environmental Allowance
High humidity, vibration during transport and long storage times degrade the compression strength of corrugated boxes. The safety factor accounts for these losses by requiring the initial strength of the dry box to be several times the actual dead load it will carry. This buffer prevents unexpected failures when the boxes are subjected to long journeys.
Stack Reliability
Determining the appropriate safety factor requires analyzing the specific supply chain routes, warehouse temperatures and handling methods. A standard factor of three is used for short shipping times and controlled climates, but this must be increased to five or higher for export shipments to tropical regions where high humidity is common. Designers use these factors to select the correct board grade and weight, ensuring that the packaging is neither over-engineered nor prone to sudden collapse.
This calculation is necessary for minimizing transit damage.
