Unintended Chemical Entities
Chemical compounds present in packaging materials, inks, adhesives, or coatings that are not intentionally included as functional ingredients during manufacturing constitute non intentionally added substances. These entities include chemical degradation by-products, impurities originating from raw materials, reaction intermediates, and environmental contaminants absorbed during production or recycling cycles. In food contact paper and board, their presence is evaluated through high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography screening to ensure consumer safety under European food contact regulations.
The scope applies across all food-contact substrates, stopping only where active chemical functionality is deliberately engineered into the material formulation.
Toxicological Assessment
Food packaging converters and brand owners must perform toxicological risk assessments to verify that migrating non-functional chemical species do not exceed human exposure thresholds. In recycled paperboard packaging, recurrent contaminants include mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons, mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons, photoinitiators from graphic inks, and plasticizer residues from previously converted waste streams. Degradation products from synthetic barrier coatings, such as oxidized polymer fragments or per- and polyfluoroalkyl breakdown products, also fall under this classification.
Where migration exceeds toxicological concern limits, functional barrier layers such as ethylene vinyl alcohol or specialized dispersion coatings must be applied to isolate the food contact surface.
Verification Protocol
Assessing non-intended substances involves migration modelling combined with standardized food simulant extraction testing in certified laboratories. Analysts determine whether detected chemical peaks correspond to known toxic substances, using the threshold of toxicological concern approach when specific toxicological data is unavailable. Paper mills manage inputs by enforcing strict purity standards on recovered paper streams, process water, defoamers, and wet-end sizing agents.
Continuous testing verifies that untracked chemical constituents remain below statutory migration limits throughout the operational lifespan of the packaging.